Category: ECRUU weekly

Cargill reported a 6% drop in their net Sep-Nov quarterly earnings to USD 924 million, mainly due to falling revenues in their grains and oilseeds trading unit. The company said that high grains inventories in the US and the rest of the world resulted in lower volatility and therefore fewer trading opportunities. The group – which spent over USD 1 billion this quarter in acquisitions, joint ventures and infrastructure investments – will continue to expand towards “more sophisticated feed additives” and to shift towards “sustainable, natural feed ingredients that improve animal health and embrace changing consumer values.”

Cargill also announced the acquisition of pet foods Pro-Pet, a move which will make the company the only national marketer of animal feed and pet foods in the US. In India, meanwhile, Cargill will spend USD 236 million on its expansion over the next few years, including cocoa products and animal feed nutrition. The company is also investing USD 15.75 million in building storage capacity.

The US Department of Agriculture forecasts that people in the US will eat an average 45.72kg of red meat and chicken in 2018, more than the 2004 record. This is the equivalent of 283g/day, against the government prescribed 184g/day. Consumption declined by 9% from 2007 to 2014 because of higher commodity prices and a shift away from meat diet because of health, climate and animal welfare related concerns.

Brazil’s Port of Sao Paulo handled a record 129 million mt of cargo in 2017, beating the previous record set in 2015 by 8% and an increase of 14% on 2016. Out of the total, 49.5% was agribusiness goods, up from 47.8% in 2016. Sugar was the most exported crop at 21.1 million mt, followed by soybean with 16.5 million mt, out of which 85% went to China. The port expects to handle an even greater tonnage next year, with a 3.2% increase forecast.

Brazilian exports to China could increase as the latter is now requesting that soybean imported from the US contain 1% or less foreign materials, which renders half of the USD 14 billion annual exports ineligible and requires additional processing at Chinese ports, increasing costs for US farmers and traders.

China invested 20 billion in the ship financing sector in 2017, a 33% increase year on year as European banks pulled back due to the long down-cycle. As a result, three Chinese groups now own more than 800 ships with a value exceeding USD 23.6 billion.

Competition from green plastic manufacturers is increasingly challenging a market dominated by petrochemicals companies. Coca-Cola, for instance, sold over 50 billion plant bottles that contain 30% bioplastic. Among the companies investing in bioplastic, BASF is setting up a 50,000mt cornstarch bottle plant in Belgium, Stora Enso is testing 50% wood fibre-based plastic, and Lego put USD 160 million to research sustainable materials for its toys.

Food waste continues to be a major concern in India. As of the middle of last year, the Ministry of Food was involved in 228 projects in building pre­-cooling and chilled storage from the farm to the consumer in a bid to reduce some of the USD 14 billion food wasted every year. However, experts say progress is too slow, with fingers pointing to the inefficiencies of the public distribution system. Meanwhile, the FAO estimates that 15% of the country is undernourished.  

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Louis Dreyfus is selling its subsidiary LDC Metals to China’s NCCL Natural Resources Investment Fund which is owned by major copper and cobalt producers New China Capital Legend, AXAM Asset Management and China Molybdenum. Dreyfus intends to reinvest the sale proceeds in its grains and oilseeds business.

Meanwhile, Sierentz Global Merchants – which is owned by Louis Dreyfus family members, but not related to the company – registered a subsidiary, Sierentz Global Merchants Vostok, in Moscow on November 1. It will be headed by Louis Dreyfus’ ex-commercial director in Russia.

ED&F Man reported a pretax loss of USD 144.6 million for the year ending September 30, down from a pretax profit of USD 101.9 million a year earlier, partly due to the struggling sugar and grains sectors and a fraud with warehouse receipt transactions. Performance in the coffee and liquid segments, however, was good and the firm said its resources would ensure its operational existence in the foreseeable future.

Cargill has launched a website called FedByTrade where its 155,000 employees, communities and customers share stories of how they benefited from free trade agreements. The new initiative will help the company send a message to the White House which is looking to move away from multi-country trade deals like the 11-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership and NAFTA.

Cargill also announced it is tying up with Techstars and Ecolab to set up a startup accelerator in Minneapolis which would allow the company to invest in future farm technology to address challenges faced by the food system. The first batch of 10 startups will arrive in the summer of 2018 for a 13-week programme which will focus on developing technology to shape the food industry.

Talking of tech, Unilever has started a pilot project to develop a sustainable tea supply chain using blockchain technology. The one-year-long project will track Malawi farmers supplying sustainably-sourced tea.

According to Olam, increasing cocoa consumption in emerging markets has reduced the global surplus to just around 50,000mt this year from the record 371,000mt in 2016. The demand is higher in Asia, particularly in the Philippines, India, Indonesia and China and is expected to increase by 5% globally. However, global cocoa processing is predicted to grow by only 3% compared to 5% in 2016/17. Olam is raising its capacity to make cocoa powder in Asia and considering a new mill in the US.

Nestle’s Purina PetCare group is reducing headcount by 300 across US facilities as it focuses on cost competitiveness and right-sizing the organisation. The aim is to increase investment in high growth areas and grow market share. Meanwhile, the Water Resources Control Board of California has asked Nestle to limit the withdrawal of water in San Bernardino National Forest unless it proves it has legal rights to extract it. A board engineer said a 20-month probe found that the company does not seem to have the valid rights. The board has set the limit at around 8.5 million gal, which is about 25% of what the company extracted in 2016.

In the UK, Tesco plans to stop wasting human edible food by March 2018. The CEO said the group is using an app, FoodCloud, to inform the local charities to come and pick up the surplus food at each of its stores every day. Tesco has signed the voluntary Courtauld Commitment 2025 to reduce food waste by 20% in 10 years.

On the other hand, fossil fuels companies have invested USD 180 billion in 318 projects since 2010 in the plastics industry by establishing cracking facilities across the US – a move which will increase plastic production by over 40% in the next decade. The American Chemistry Council explained that the drastic increase in plastics facilities is due to the shale gas boom, which brought down prices of the natural gas liquids used in making plastics by nearly two-thirds.

The war against sugar continues in the US, with Seattle implementing a USD 0.0175/ounce tax on sugar sweetened beverages as of January 1, 2018. Meanwhile, there is increasing demand for by-products from cane. For instance, Telstar 18, the official ball of the 2018 Football World Cup, will use Keltan Eco rubber which is the first biologically based ethylene extracted from sugarcane. Adidas said that Keltan Eco rubber has a much lower carbon footprint compared to fossil fuel-based polymers.

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Cargill is looking at investing USD 212 million to build a new river port terminal in Brazil’s Para state which could handle 6 million mt of grains via barges from Mato Grosso. If the project goes ahead, the port could be operational by 2022-25.

The company continues to bank on growing meat demand in Asia and has opened its first animal nutrition premix plant in the Philippines at a cost of USD 12 million. Cargill is also investing USD 15 million to start manufacturing piglet feed products at its premix and nutrition plant in Tianjin, China. The new production line will use a traceable barcode management system as part of the group’s wider sustainability and traceability goals.  

Cargill has said it would stop buying palm oil from Guatemalan producer Reforestadora de Palmas del Peten (Repsa) until it meets their sustainable oil policy. Cargill explained it had asked Repsa to make some changes following complaints by environmental NGOs in the middle of 2017, but that these demands had yet to be met. The International Forests Program for Friends of the Earth said the move will send a strong message to the industry, and that other companies which also buy from Repsa, such as Wilmar, could follow suit.

This is not all that surprising given that in the US, a survey by Nielsen showed that 45% of consumers are more inclined towards buying a product from a brand committed to being sustainable and environmentally friendly. Not only that, but 66% of consumers will pay a premium for what they consider to be a sustainable brand, a share of the population which will continue to increase given that 73% of the millennial generation is willing to pay extra.

Similarly, the US meat industry is witnessing a structural shift, with the sales of fresh grass-fed beef rising to USD 272 million in 2016, up from USD 17 million in 2012, while the sales of ‘traditional’ beef are falling. This is because more and more consumers prefer healthier, environment-friendly and grass-fed meat.

Louis Dreyfus – which ships some 81 million mt of agriculture products annually – has joined the Sustainable Shipping Initiative (SSI). Dreyfus’ head of freight said the move was part of the group’s intention to have more sustainable shipping operations.

​T​he newly launched CME Black Sea wheat cash-settled swap contract traded for the first time last week.  One of the counter-parties, Swiss-based trading company, Solaris Commodities S.A., welcomed the contract saying it was the best derivative option available for participants involved in the Black Sea market as the correlation is better than futures contracts such as Matif or CBOT

Thai sugar producer Mitr Phol will shell out USD 100 million to buy a 50% stake in Olam’s Indonesia-based Far East Agri. The aim is to set up a sugar mill in East Java by 2020 which will process 1.2 million mt sugarcane in a bid to help reduce the domestic supply deficit.

Still in the sugar market, Brazil’s Centre South could lose between 9 and 20 million mt of sugarcane processing capacity in 2018/19 due to producers idling capacity. Producers are struggling financially, and unable to invest in fields and mill modernisation, making it necessary to reduce operating costs and run more efficiently.

Unilever has agreed to sell its margarine business – which includes brands like Rama, Flora and Blue Band – to the US-based private equity firm KKR for EUR 6.8 billion (USD 8 billion). The deal is expected to be completed by mid-2018 and is a part of efforts to restructure the business.

In the US, Dunn’s River Brands, a drinks portfolio management firm of Texas-based PE Fireman Capital Partners, will buy for an undisclosed amount two of Nestle Waters’ ready-to-drink iced tea brands. One of the founders of Dunn’s River Brands said the company will add more brands to its portfolio in next 90-120 days.

Food companies are increasingly using Blockchain technology to identify fake ingredients and track the cause of contamination in recalled products. The technology will also reduce fraud and eventually lower the costs related to documentation, which currently are estimated at 7% of the USD 16 trillion worth of raw materials traded every year.

Finally, if you are planning to celebrate the New Year with seafood, recent research from Norway found that mussels in the Arctic waters contained even more microplastics that mussels in coastal waters. All the mussels tested had microplastics, a strong indicator of the worsening pollution levels in the sea where an estimated 8 million mt of plastic ends up every year. However, scientists say that our exposure to microplastics is probably higher when wearing a fleece jacket or playing with a toy, than by eating seafood.

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Louis Dreyfus is selling Macrofertil, its fertiliser business in Australia, to Agrium’s Australian unit, Landmark Operations.  Louis Dreyfus sold its African fertiliser unit earlier this year, but still owns a fertiliser business in South America.

ADM is selling  its Bolivian oilseeds business, which includes a processing facility, nine grain silos and distribution operations, to Inversiones Piuranas. Meanwhile, the company has tied up with Apollo Global Management to submit a new bid for Unilever’s spreads business valued at USD 7 billion.

ED&F Man said it will restructure its sugar business because of low prices. It also plans to divest, partially or completely, its global physical grains trading business.

Armajaro Asset Management, well known for cocoa and coffee trading, is closing its flagship hedge fund CC+. The company says that algorithmic trading is rendering physical commodity trading uncompetitive. The company intends to begin a new fund in Apr-Jun 2018, although no details have been provided. The company’s assets under management fell from USD 2 billion in 2011 to USD 254 million in 2016.

In Brazil, Copersucar will partner with BP‘s Brazilian unit to form a 50:50 logistics joint venture which will manage Copersucar’s ethanol storage facility in Paulinia.

Shipping costs for dry-bulk commodities have escalated sharply since July, pushing the Baltic Dry Index to a near four-year high on the back of China’s coal and iron ore demand. Agricultural trade is taking a hit as freight costs, which on an average make 11% of total costs, are at a 7-year high.

To feed the country’s fast growing demand for premium beer, China has doubled imports of Canadian barley in the face of disappointing crops in the EU and Australia, from where it usually sources most of its needs.

US soybean crushing capacity is expected to increase by 5% in 2019 from 1.9 billion bushels currently, the fastest expansion rate since 1997/98 as growing feed demand pushed margins up to an 18-month high. The increase in processing capacity is expected to boost demand for soybeans, which the USDA forecast will be planted over 91 million acres next year, a record high. Even so, this may not be enough. The National Oilseed Processing Association has forecast that global production must increase by 20% to fill the growth in feed demand over the next 10 years.

Countries are looking at imposing a meat tax to meet the targets of the Paris Climate Change Agreement. The director of Farm Animal Investment Risk and Return (FAIRR) said meat taxes are already being discussed in Denmark, Sweden and Germany. An Oxford University study in November mooted a 40% tax on meat and a 20% tax on milk to compensate for the damage to the environment and health.

In the US, Monsanto has announced a cash-back incentive for farmers who use its dicamba-based XtendiMax herbicide on Xtend GM soybeans in order to offset costly government legislations. Several US states have banned dicamba-based herbicides, or are asking farmers to undergo special training. Seperately, a source said that Bayer’s Monsanto takeover bid is likely to see more hurdles from the EU antitrust regulators who are concerned that the purchase would hurt competition.

Wildfires have destroyed or damaged a large part of California’s avocado and lemon crops in the last few weeks. However, consumers should not be affected as they can still source from Mexico and South America. Even so, the future may be tough for farmers in California; the governor has said that wildfires, because of climate change, are ‘the new normal’.

The World Resources Institute and Cargill have mapped 2.3 million ha of cocoa plantations in Brazil, Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana and Indonesia to monitor deforestation, and devise long-term solutions to the problem. 

China will no longer allow the import of plastic waste as of January 2018, a significant move given that the country took in 51% of the world’s plastic scrap imports in 2016. This is bad news because countries that had been using China’s recycling industry will have nowhere to send their waste, potentially increasing the threat of pollution. The good news, however, is that efforts are ongoing to develop edible packaging in a bid to get rid of plastic. Check it out here.

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Cargill could partner with ADM, Bunge and Amaggi to bid for the Brazil’s Ferrogrão railway concession, a 1,000km railway linking grain regions to the port of Miritituba. A Cargill official explained that it would reduce logistics costs by avoiding the poor quality roads, as well as providing an alternative port to Santos and Paranaguá in the south. A Chinese state-owned group is also planning to bid.

Almost all of the 239 locks in the US waterways systems are past their “Use By” dates. The American Society of Civil Engineers has said that this is resulting in delays for almost half of the ships that use the waterways. The Ohio River has seen its worse jams ever this year with at one stage over 50 miles of ships at a standstill, many of which were carrying grains. The resulting extra costs meant that the US has struggled to compete with South American grain, causing losses all across the supply chain. Some of the locks are slowly being replaced. (Original source: Reuters)

Olam is working on building an online marketplace to allow small-scale farmers to sell their products directly, as well as to source farm inputs and find financing. The company’s CEO  explained that this is part of “Olam Direct”, a program designed to leverage its network of small farmers (some 4.3 million of them) and offer them value-added services. The program also offers better  traceability to end buyers. The group already has over 100,000 farmers from 21 countries registered in its Olam Farmer Information System mobile app, which uses big data and artificial intelligence to help farmers improve efficiency, quality and traceability.

In the US, Cargill’s head of Corporate Affairs has called on farmers to take an active role in policy making, explaining that the US threat to withdraw from trade agreements such as the NAFTA could have a disastrous effect on the country’s farm economy. She said that trade fed the world, and drove productivity and economic growth.

Barter transactions supplied over half of farmers’ crop financing in Brazil’s Mato Grosso state this year, the first time in almost a decade that barter has such a key role. The research agency Imea explained that as a result of low margins and poor revenues, trading groups and agriculture product resellers have little choice but to exchange their crops for the necessary farm inputs.  (Original source: Reuters)

Nestle has announced that it has bought Canadian group Atrium, its fourth acquisition in the last few months, and another step in its strategy to become a “nutrition, health and wellness” company. Atrium makes vitamins and nutritional supplements with sales mostly in the US.  Some sources said that Nestle might also want to buy the German equivalent, Merck. (Original source: Reuters)

France has kept its place as the Most Food Sustainable Country in the Food Sustainability Index published by the Economist Intelligence Unit. The EIU estimates that France loses only 1.8% of its total food production each year thanks to its anti-waste policies. The UAE was at the bottom of the index with an estimated 1,000kg of food wasted per year person each year. The UN FAO estimates that one third of all global food produced each year is wasted.

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Anec, Brazil’s grain exporters association which includes ADM, Cargill, Louis Dreyfus among others, has warned that the sector could be seeing its worse performance in 10 years amid bumper crops and poor margins. A spokesman said that merchandising companies had to really look into their risk management practices, adding, “We have to rethink what we are doing.”

Cofco International Ltd (CIL) has announced plans to double direct grain purchases from farmers to 60 million mt by 2022 in its bid to rival the ABCDs of agricultural commodities. The CEO said that CIL would have a turnover of USD 37 billion this year as it is expected to handle 110 million mt grains, of which 80% will be sourced from global traders. The CEO added that plans to launch an IPO were still on.

Bunge has increased the number of executives eligible for cash compensation (if they lose their jobs without cause within two years of a takeover) to include five top executives, from just the CEO previously. A finance expert explained that the move would discourage these executives from trying to stop any acquisition process.

In the world of vegetable oil, Louis Dreyfus is buying Golden Agri’s crushing and vegetable oil refining business in China. The move is part of the trade house’s strategy to focus on core activities such as grains and oilseeds amid declining margins.

Wilmar is collaborating with ING to convert some of its USD 150 million loan into a sustainability performance-linked loan, the first company in Asia to do so, and the first in the palm oil industry. The trade house will improve its environmental and social performance in exchange for a reduction in the interest rate. Sustainalytics will be measuring the progress.

Chinese group CCCC continues on its acquisition binge and is now looking at Brazil’s railway sector, having just bought Concremat Engenharia and the São Luís port project in Maranhão. The group, along with Japan’s Mitsubishi and Sumitomo are each reportedly in talks with Rumo about taking a stake in the 7,208km railway concession in the South Malte.

The commodity trading group Citadel has asked the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to look into the “other reportables” category on the Commitment of Traders (COT) reports. Citadel argues that the category lacks transparency yet represents a significant share of the market – for example 13.8% of the Open Interest in Chicago soft red winter wheat futures. Some say that the category includes prop trading firms and quantitative funds, among others.

US growers and processors of cranberries are hoping that the government will give them the green light to turn excess fruit into fertiliser for the first time ever. Interestingly, Thanksgiving dinner this year was probably the cheapest since 2013 given the global surplus of meat and grains, which are successfully keeping prices low. Meanwhile, a study based on computer simulation of national data forecast that 57% of children aged between 2-19 years in the US are likely to become obese by the age of 35.

Last week we talked about the increasing sea freight costs but have you ever wondered how many vessels there are at sea at any given point? Check out MarineTraffic’s screenshot to see for yourself. It’s impressive.

Finally, for our tech update, the cryptocurrency is making its way into commodity trading with Ukrainian shipping firm Varamar announcing it would now accept payments in Bitcoin. This is expected to be a game changer for countries affected by sanctions that can’t use US Dollars.

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Mitsui & Co is spending USD 265 million to buy 30% of the shares in ETG, Africa’s top agricultural trade house, the FT reports, as part of Mitsui’s strategy to diversify away from energy into agricultural markets.

The FT also reports that Wilmar has agreed to buy Cargill’s palm oil business in Kuantan, on Malaysia’s east coast, in a bid to strengthen its sales and distribution network. Cargill said it would continue running its other edible oil plants in Port Klang and Westport.

In what could be set back to Bunge’s plans to grow its food and ingredients businesses, the company has cancelled a plan to acquire a controlling majority in Mexican corn miller Grupo Minsa, Reuters reports. The company explained that this was a result of Minsa’s decision to outsource sales to a third party company while  authorities in Mexico examines the deal. 

Kellogg is responding to changing consumer diets and is launching a range of plant-based cereals in the UK, it’s the first step into the country’s vegan and organic market.

Similarly, Nestle has reportedly initiated discussions to acquire the US organic and vegetarian food manufacturer Hain Celestial Group. In the last few months, the company has bought Sweet Earth, Blue Bottle Coffee and invested in Freshly. In another interesting development, Nestle has launched its own voice-activated speaker in China which will be given for free to those who buy their milk powder in bulk. The speaker will provide information about Nestle products and collect consumer information.  

The world of organic food is in for a revamp as EU countries have agreed to update the rules of organic farming, most of which were 20 years old. The new rules aim to apply the same standards to all EU and non-EU farmers so that consumers across the EU get the same quality. Among the changes, crops cultivated in greenhouses can no longer count as organic. The new rules still have to be approved by the European Parliament.

Greenpeace has filed a complaint against Coca-Cola with the Advertising Code Committee for advertising that ‘Our packaging is 100 percent recyclable’. Greenpeace argued that the point was not so much whether the packaging was recyclable but whether the recycling actually happened, which the organisation said happens too rarely.

Similarly, protesters in the UK are urging people to sign a petition demanding Coca-Cola to lessen its plastic footprint as part of the UK’s national campaign against the 12 million tonnes of plastic waste that is being thrown in oceans annually,. But in an ironic twist, The Guardian reported that for the past five years, the UK’s environment department has used 1,400 disposable coffee cups on a daily basis.

Blockchain technology is revolutionising the world of farm-to-table transparency. US consumers who buy Honeysuckle White turkeys this Thanksgiving will be able to see photos of the farm where the turkey comes from, along with other information by scanning the packaging code. The project – in partnership with Cargill’s in-house blockchain platform – could be used on a wider scale if it proves to be a success. The food traceability market is expected to reach an estimated USD 14 billion by 2019.

The tech world is also changing the relationship between farmers and banks as farmers become better informed. Farmers now change lenders more often. 

Finally, Rabobank has warned that agricultural commodity prices are likely to be more volatile in 2018 because a forecast La Niña phenomenon (known, among other things, to cause dry conditions in the Americas and abnormally wet weather in Asia) could lead to a tightening global supply and demand for many crops.

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Starting with company news from Asia, Olam International has reported a 17.5 percent rise in its third-quarter net profit to S$24.1 million for the three months ended September, compared with S$20.5 million a year ago.

Revenue grew 41.7 per cent to S$6.71 billion from the preceding year, as the company’s traded volume increased to 5.8 million tonnes from 3.8 million tonnes. Olam generated a free cash flow  of S$1.11 billion in the first nine months of this year, versus a negative S$150.5 million in the same period last year.

Olam also received the Singapore Apex Corporate Sustainability Award in the multinationals category. Meanwhile, the company’s CEO has been appointed as the new chair of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development for two years starting in 2018.

Wilmar International reported a net profit of $370 million for the three months ended Sept. 30, compared with $392.2 million for the same period a year ago. A stronger performance in its oilseeds and grains division was offset by lower results in the tropical oils and sugar businesses.

Wilmar’s chairman and chief executive has forecast a “satisfactory” performance for the tropical oils and sugar divisions in the current quarter, with the oilseeds and grains business should see its “good performance” continue.

The company is looking to list its China unit on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in the second half of 2019, eight years after the initial listing plan was first announced. Wilmar’s China operations contributes half of the group’s revenue and a significant portion of the profits.

Noble Group has started talks with stakeholders to restructure its debt and secure trade finances in a bid to keep its business running. Noble has almost $400 million of medium-term debt notes due March 2018 and $1.14 billion of senior unsecured revolving credit facilities and a term loan due May 2018, according to Fitch Ratings.

But while some companies contract, others expand. COFCO International plans to increase soybean sourcing in Brazil’s Mato Grosso state to 7.2 million tonnes from 4 million tonnes currently. Mato Grosso is home to 13 out of 19 elevators the Chinese trader operates in the country.

The chief executive of Glencore Agriculture discussed merger possibilities in a presentation to the Global Grain conference in Geneva. He said, “we have looked at three or four possibilities in our core area already this year but couldn’t reach agreement with the seller”. He added that Glencore remained focused on acquisitions for growth, and saw scope for consolidation in the grain sector due to excess capacity. “Finding value is the big challenge in the industry today,” he said.

In a presentation to the Morgan Stanley Global Chemicals and Agriculture Conference in Boston the chief executive officer of Bunge said he believed the grains industry is caught up in a cyclical period. However he indicated that some pieces of the agricultural chain may be experiencing a permanent shift.

“If there is one place in the world where we do see that there’s a shift and there is a structural amount of overcapacity that somehow has to be rationalized, it’s in the U.S. grain origination and export industry,” he said, adding U.S. grains “needs fixing.”

There is also over-capacity in Brazil’s sugarcane sector.  Biosev SA, the sugar and ethanol unit controlled by Louis Dreyfus Co, is idling its Maracaju mill in Mato Grosso do Sul state for an undetermined period of time. The cane processed at the mill will be transported to two other mills that Biosev operates in the region.

Raízen will also idle two mills in the main Sao Paulo cane belt for an initial period of two years, saying there will not be enough cane in the area where the plants are located. Raízen will transport the cane in the areas where the mills are located to other plants it operates in the country.

In response to “evolving customer preferences for antibiotic-free meat, milk and egg products,” Cargill has broken ground on a new 50 million dollar feed facility in Ohio that will be focused on antibiotic-free protein production. The plant will sit alongside Cargill’s existing facility on the site that will continue to produce medicated feed products. A spokesman said, “We understand our customers have different preferences and product requirements, and this new facility will help us deliver those choices.”

Continuing on the theme of consumer trends, the percentage of people in the US who consumed a sugary beverage on any given day has fallen to 60 percent for children and 50 percent for adults in 2014, down from 80 percent and 62 percent respectively in 2003. Consumption of fruit juices also dropped in the period, while water consumption was up for all age groups.

And…well, it had to happen: a headline this week read: “Forget everything you know – sugar could be good for you after all”.

Meanwhile, the New Food Economy has written a good piece on nutrition, bad science, and even worse journalism. The writer takes particular exception to a recent claim that giving up genetically modified organisms improves your health.

Lastly, Reuters has written a long read explaining Monsanto’s challenges with the weed killer dicamba.

Notes:

Chris Mahoney, CEO of Glencore Agriculture, will be speaking at the Commodity Conversations event in London on 6th June 2018.

Jonathan Kingsman’s new book, Commodity Conversations, is now available on Amazon

In company news, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission last week fined Cargill Inc $10 million for providing inaccurate information on swaps, and for failing to supervise the company’s swap dealers. The charges date from 2013. In an emailed statement, Cargill admitted no wrongdoing, but said it was “enhancing its internal controls and employee training programs” inside its swap dealer division.

Meanwhile Cargill has announced it is investing an additional $240 million in India over the next five years. The investment will be in Cargill’s core businesses, including edible oil, cocoa and chocolates, starches and sweeteners and animal nutrition. Last year, Cargill inaugurated its first wet corn milling plant in India; set up with an investment of $100 million.

Bunge Ltd has said it may be able to get the best value for its Brazilian sugarcane milling business through an initial public offering of the unit. The company began looking at selling the mills in 2013. Bunge is already in the process of separating the finances of its sugarcane-milling unit from the rest of the company. The CEO said that this would make it easier for the company to act quickly once it decides to launch an IPO or take other measures.

COFCO International has agreed to sell Nidera Seeds, its crop seeds business that operates in South America, to Syngenta AG. Financial terms were not disclosed. Syngenta, owned by ChemChina, has said it would pursue deals to become the third-biggest player in the seeds industry.

Ferrero, the Italian food manufacturer, attracted media attention last week after a German consumer group noticed that the company has slightly changed its recipe for its Nutella spread. It has increased the content of powdered skimmed milk from 7.5% to 8.7%, and sugar from 55.9% to 56.3%. Furious Nutella fans took to Twitter to criticise the changes, using the hashtag #boycottNutella. In a statement Ferrero confirmed the changes had been made but insisted, “the quality … and all other aspects of Nutella remain the same”.

The danger of changing recipes was also highlighted in a Bloomberg article this week. In the 1980s Coca Cola responded to the “Pepsi Challenge” advertising campaign by introducing a new formula. Loyal customers said they didn’t like the new taste and sales fell. The company reacted and relaunched “Classic Coke.”

Back in the future, the UN’s FAO warned last week that global hunger is on the rise for the first time in a decade. A total of 815 million people went hungry last year, an increase of 38 million on the previous year. The FAO blamed climate change and conflict for the increase.

The organisation’s Director-General said that “About one in three people globally suffer from at least one form of malnutrition: be it hunger, micronutrient deficiencies, or overweight and obesity. Unless we take urgent and effective action, more than half of the world’s population will suffer from at least one type of malnutrition by 2030.”

The journal Nature Geoscience has published a report that argues that the world could feed an additional 825 million people, produce 10 percent more food calories, and grow 19 percent more protein by adjusting what crops are grown where. Changing where crops are grown would also reduce farmers’ use of rainwater by an estimated 14 percent. The study’s authors did however acknowledge that cultural and dietary preferences could pose a challenge in changing where crops are grown.

People’s tastes do however change; we can get used to anything. To illustrate the point Reuters reports that North Koreans now eat the dregs left over from making soybean oil, which usually go to feed the pigs. They press and roll them into paste, stuff them with rice, and top it with chilli sauce. The dish’s name, injogogi, means “man-made meat”. If not a national dish, it has become a street food popular for its taste.

Meanwhile, Russia’s 2017-18 grain harvest is expected to hit a record 133 million tonnes. Of that amount, 44.5 million tonnes are earmarked for export, up from 37.7 million last year and only 1.3 million tonnes in 2001. Russia is set to overtake the United States as the world’s biggest wheat exporter this year – regaining the top spot it last held before World War One. However analysts warn that a lack of port infrastructure could limit further export expansion.

Lastly an opinion piece in the New York Times argues that we should stop talking about food in the negative sense. By fretting about food, we turn occasions for comfort and joy into sources of fear and anxiety. And when we avoid certain foods, we usually compensate by consuming too much of others. The writer adds, “All of this happens under the guise of science. But a closer look at the research behind our food fears shows that many of our most demonized foods are actually fine for us”. He adds, “If there’s one thing you should cut from your diet, it’s fear”.

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Low prices and thin margins continue to make for hard times in the agricultural trading business.

This week Archer Daniels Midland Co announced that their quarterly earnings had fallen 44 percent. The company handled 20 percent less grain than expected and average margins in the United States were 50 percent below expectations. The company’s CEO said that he will reduce capital spending next year by about 20 percent and reallocate funds away from oilseed crushing towards its higher-value businesses. However he added said he didn’t expect conditions to get better any time soon.

Bunge Ltd has forecast lower full-year earnings in its core agribusiness unit after posting a third-quarter profit that fell 28 percent on flat revenue. The company’s CEO was, however, optimistic about the future. He said that the company’s trading and processing next year would benefit from cost cutting and strengthening demand for oilseeds, a key driver of revenue. He added, “The third quarter was better than the second and the fourth quarter will be better than the third.”

The CEO of ED&F Man is leaving the company as part of a senior management reshuffle after “a very challenging year”. The company said that the move was part of a restructuring driven by difficult market conditions in its sugar business.

Mackprang jr. GmbH, a Hamburg-based trading house founded in 1878, is venturing into the consumer breakfast market in search for higher value businesses. The company said it will source oats, corn and raisins, then mix and pack them before shipping out to China. The company’s managing director said, “Being a grain trader is no more the place where you make your money so easily. Definitely not. Times are changing and we have to look for other opportunities.”

But at least one trading company is looking to expand during these tough times.   Sucafina, the Swiss-based coffee trader, has hired about 50 people in the past year, opened offices in Colombia and Brazil, reorganized its North American unit and is starting a business in Seattle. The company has taken out a $300 million 18-month syndicated loan to fund its expansion.

The company’s CEO told Bloomberg, “I like to consider Sucafina the smallest of the big trade houses or the biggest of the small trade houses. If we were content to stay at this size and we weren’t vertically integrated, we would eventually get acquired by someone.”

Goldman Sachs Group Inc. is also expanding their commodity operations during tough times, hiring traders from Morgan Stanley and Castleton Commodities. To be fair, though, the expansion seems to be more in energy and metals, rather than agriculture.

It is not just commodity trading companies that are facing headwinds; agricultural chemical companies have also been in the news this week.

US farmers have overwhelmed state governments with thousands of complaints about crop damage linked to weed killers that use a chemical known as dicamba. Farmers claim that the herbicides have harmed crops because they evaporate and drift away from where they are applied. Monsanto and BASF, who make the herbicides, say the herbicides are safe when properly applied.

One expert estimated that 3.1 million acres of non-targeted crops have been damaged by the herbicide. In Monsanto’s defense, the company says it investigated 1,000 such claims, and found that in 88 percent of those cases, the farmer was to blame for faulty application of the product because “the label was not followed.” However, as New Food Economy points out, the “label” is 4,500-words long.

Meanwhile, The New York Times has accused President Donald Trump of damaging people’s brains, not by his angry early morning tweets, but through his lack of action on the chemical pesticide chlorpyrifos. The newspaper claims that the chemical is found in food, air and drinking water, and that human and animal studies show that it damages the brain and reduces I.Q.s while causing tremors among children. The Environmental Protection Agency banned the pesticide for most indoor residential use 17 years ago, and was preparing to ban it for agricultural and outdoor use this spring, but the Trump administration has apparently rejected the ban.

Campbell Soup has announced it is joining the Plant Based Foods Association, acknowledging reduced consumer demand for meat and dairy food. Earlier this year the company left the industry’s top trade and lobbying group, the Grocery Manufacturers Association, citing the lobbying group’s opposition to labeling whether food contained genetically modified ingredients.

The PBFA counts more than 80 companies as members but Campbell Soup will be by far its largest., “We’re not trying to make the whole world vegan,” a spokesman for the association told Bloomberg. “All we’re doing is trying to make plant-based products available to more people.”

In a similar vein, McDonald’s Corp have announced that they will require suppliers to follow new standards for raising and slaughtering chickens. Under the new guidelines, suppliers such as Tyson Foods Inc and Cargill Inc must comply by 2024 with rules dictating the amount and brightness of light in chicken houses, provide birds with access to perches that promote natural behavior, and take other steps to improve animal welfare. Tyson and Cargill have said that they support McDonald’s moves.

And while we are on consumer trends, people are abandoning their supermarket trolleys for baskets. The annual Waitrose Food & Drink Report (which covers all UK supermarkets), reports that customers are increasingly shopping little and often. One in ten people buy what they are going to eat that night, on the way home from work. Two out of three go to the supermarket more than once a day. As the report puts it: “People treat supermarkets like giant walk-in fridges.”

Nestlé, Mars and Hershey have been accused of breaking pledges to stop using “conflict palm oil” from deforested Indonesian jungles. The Rainforest Action Network (RAN) says consumers have been “deceived” by promises from the brands to clean up their supply chains, which were subsequently delayed, revised or watered down.

Hershey’s communications director responded to the allegations by saying that, “While we remain deeply committed to pushing all stakeholders to accelerate traceability and bring full transparency to this supply chain along with our supplier partners, we realise it would take more time to achieve this goal than originally anticipated.”

Meanwhile Malaysia is bracing itself for a total ban on EU imports of palm oil as the European Parliament gears up to ratify a proposed resolution to ban palm oil imports. The European Parliament has already voted to phase out the use of palm-oil biodiesel by 2020. After India, the EU is Malaysia’s second-largest export market for palm oil. China is in third place.